PREPRINT
EE7C12BC-0A1E-409F-9CCF-9450C83E93D8

# Implications from the velocity profile of the M87 jet: a possibility of a slowly rotating black hole magnetosphere

Motoki Kino, Masaaki Takahashi, Tomohisa Kawashima, Jongho Park, Kazuhiro Hada, Hyunwook Ro, Yuzhu Cui

Submitted on 15 September 2022

## Abstract

Motivated by the measured velocity profile of the M87 jet using the KVN and VERA Array (KaVA) by Park et al. indicating that the starting position of the jet acceleration is farther from the central engine of the jet than predicted in general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations, we explore how to mitigate the apparent discrepancy between the simulations and the KaVA observation. We use a semi-analytic jet model proposed by Tomimatsu and Takahashi. consistently solving the trans-magnetic field structure but neglecting any dissipation effects. By comparing the jet model with the observed M87 jet velocity profile, we find that the model can reproduce the logarithmic feature of the velocity profile, and can fit the observed data when choosing $c/\left(100{r}_{g}\right)\lesssim {\mathrm{\Omega }}_{F}\lesssim c/\left(70{r}_{g}\right)$ where ${r}_{g}$ is the gravitational radius. While a total specific energy ($\mathcal{E}$) of the jet changes the terminal bulk Lorentz factor of the jet, a slower angular velocity of the black hole magnetosphere (funnel region) (${\mathrm{\Omega }}_{F}$) makes a light-cylinder radius (${r}_{\mathrm{l}\mathrm{c}}$) larger and it consequently pushes out a location of a starting point of the jet acceleration. Using the estimated ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_{F}$ we further estimate the magnetic field strength on the event horizon scale in M87 by assuming Blandford-Znajek (BZ) process is in action. The corresponding magnetic flux threading the event horizon of M87 is in good agreement with a magnetically arrested disc (MAD) regime.

## Preprint

Comment: 27 pages, 10 figures; accepted for publication in ApJ

Subject: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena