PREPRINT
EDC65D46-164D-434A-93DD-7A4F9978A01A

The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope Cold-HI AT $z\approx 1$ Survey

Aditya Chowdhury, Nissim Kanekar, Jayaram N. Chengalur
arXiv:2207.00031

Submitted on 30 June 2022

Abstract

We describe the design, data analysis, and basic results of the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope Cold-HI AT $z\approx 1$ (GMRT-CAT$z$1) survey, a 510-hour upgraded GMRT HI 21 cm emission survey of galaxies at $z=0.74-1.45$ in the DEEP2 survey fields. The GMRT-CAT$z$1 survey is aimed at characterising HI in galaxies during and just after the epoch of peak star-formation activity in the Universe, a key epoch in galaxy evolution. We obtained high-quality HI 21 cm spectra for 11,419 blue star-forming galaxies at $z=0.74-1.45$, in seven pointings on the DEEP2 subfields. We detect the stacked HI 21 cm emission signal of the 11,419 star-forming galaxies, which have an average stellar mass of ${M}_{\ast }\approx {10}^{10}{M}_{\odot }$, at $7.1\sigma$ statistical significance, obtaining an average HI mass of $⟨{M}_{HI}⟩=\left(13.7±1.9\right)×{10}^{9}{M}_{\odot }$. This is significantly higher than the average HI mass of $⟨{M}_{HI}⟩=\left(3.96±0.17\right)×{10}^{9}{M}_{\odot }$ in star-forming galaxies at $z\approx 0$ with an identical stellar-mass distribution. We stack the rest-frame 1.4 GHz continuum emission of our 11,419 galaxies to infer an average star-formation rate (SFR) of $8.07±0.82{M}_{\odot }y{r}^{-1}$. Combining our average HI mass and average SFR estimates yields an HI depletion timescale of $1.70±0.29$ Gyr, for star-forming galaxies at $z\approx 1$, $\approx 3$ times lower than that of local galaxies. We thus find that, although main-sequence galaxies at $z\approx 1$ have a high HI mass, their short HI depletion timescale is likely to cause quenching of their star-formation activity in the absence of rapid gas accretion from the circumgalactic medium.

Preprint

Comment: 27 pages, 15 figures; accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal

Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies; Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics