PREPRINT
2F946D4A-184C-4FA4-A029-350FA54815EC

# Determine the Core Structure and Nuclear Equation of State of Rotating Core-Collapse Supernovae with Gravitational Waves by Convolutional Neural Networks

Yang-Sheng Chao, Chen-Zhi Su, Ting-Yuan Chen, Daw-Wei Wang, Kuo-Chuan Pan

Submitted on 20 September 2022

## Abstract

Detecting gravitational waves from a nearby core-collapse supernova would place meaningful constraints on the supernova engine and nuclear equation of state. Here we use Convolutional Neural Network models to identify the core rotational rates, rotation length scales, and the nuclear equation of state (EoS), using the 1824 waveforms from Richers et al. (2017) for a 12 solar mass progenitor. High prediction accuracy for the classifications of the rotation length scales ($93\mathrm{%}$) and the rotational rates ($95\mathrm{%}$) can be achieved using the gravitational wave signals from -10 ms to 6 ms core bounce. By including additional 48 ms signals during the prompt convection phase, we could achieve $96\mathrm{%}$ accuracy on the classification of four major EoS groups. Combining three models above, we could correctly predict the core rotational rates, rotation length scales, and the EoS at the same time with more than $85\mathrm{%}$ accuracy. Finally, applying a transfer learning method for additional 74 waveforms from FLASH simulations (Pan et al. 2018), we show that our model using Richers' waveforms could successfully predict the rotational rates from Pan's waveforms even for a continuous value with a mean absolute errors of 0.32 rad s${}^{-1}$ only. These results demonstrate a much broader parameter regimes our model can be applied for the identification of core-collapse supernova events through GW signals.

## Preprint

Comment: 14 pages, accepted by ApJ

Subject: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena